2009年7月26日星期日

HP NC6000 laptop motherboard MAX1987 chip poor Soldering


HP NC6000 laptop motherboard MAX1987 chip poor SolderingPhenomenon:1.electric current fall(the electric current from 0.8A to 0.4A) or the electric current jumped to 0.9a and then power failure.2.sometimes we can be power on this laptop,sometimes we cann’t.
Failure: CPU power-supplies chip (such as MAX1987 Chip) is poor soldering or be damage.the picture 1 show the position of MAX1987 chip in laptop motherboard,the power slot is outlined in blue on the picture 1,.the picture 2 show MAX1987 chip.picture 1
picture2
Failure Analysis:1.Operating Current of CPU power-supplies chip is too big ,normal operating current is 10A-20A and the CPU Operating voltage is about 1V,CPU is A main heat source of laptop motherboard.the pin(foot) and packaging of chip lead to the CPU power-supplies chip be poor soldering easily.2.other factor,the position of the power slot on HP NC6000 laptop motherboard is proximity MAX1987 chip.when we Frequent plug and pull the power wire,the area nearby power slot is squeezed cause poor soldering of MAX1987.
the solution thereof:MAX1987 chip is soldered again.if the chip was damage,you need replace a new MAX1987 chip on your laptop motherboard.

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How to deal with HP DV2000 laptop GPU overheating


1)One long beep and two short beeps indicates that the GPU chip is not working.2)I opened it up myself and found that the thermal pads on the CPU and mainly on the GPU had seemed to be making poor contact. The GPU contact in particular is rediculously bad – it has a paste type stuff that is about 2mm think and then the heatsink on top of that. I replaced everything with artic silver. Mine now works 100% everytime and doesnt get as hot as it used to do.3)I have found that the GPU gum between the GPU and the heatsink is meant to fill about a 2mm gap, but the gum dries out and cracks. When this happens the chip overheats, and the BGA pins on the gpu loose there connection. If you leave the power on after the beeping and block the vents a bit, the GPU/CPU heat sink warms up enough to expand the solder on the BGA pins and make a connection and the laptop will run. But eventually the solder will fully fracture, and a ball may come off and then you are totally stuffed.Fixing the heat sink does not fix the problem – its the cause of the problem though, so if you do get yours fixed, I would recommend opening it, scrapping off the blue gum, and inserting a 2mm peice of copper plate on-top of the GPU and using siler thermal paste to connect the GPU to the copper plate and then again on the other side to connect to the heatsink. But this won’t fix it if its already dead. (I tried it and I get the same long beep, two short beep).To fix the problem you have to re-flow the solder on the BGA. This should be done as a last resort (after your laptop doesnt turn on any more even when you heat it up). You have to strip down laptop to the motherboard. Bake the motherboard in a fan forced over at 80 degrees celcius for at least 24 hours (to get rid of any moisture that might be in the chip or solder). Immediatly after you take it out of the over, you need a hot air gun capable of reaching about 300 degrees. Heat the entire GPU chip and its board (don’t worry – all components can take 300 degress celcius for solder-reflow and did when the board was made). Keep bumping the GPU chip very slightly with a small screw driver, it will eventually become loose. Don’t lift it up however. Just keep the heat on for a few seconds to let the solder reflow and make a connection with the balls underneath.
After that let it cool down and plug everything back in and it *Might* work. If not can you heat it up and try again.HP should never have used a BGA chip for the GPU. Its rediculous considering how hot the chip gets. I think nvidia are partially at fault as well – the 7200 uses to much power to be a bga chip.
Goto the HP website and download the repair manual. It will tell you how to strip down to your motherboard. Take out the CPU and the heat sink fan assembly. Take everything connected to the motherboard off. Take out the RAM. Bake the motherboard in an oven at 80 degrees celcius. The older your board the longer you should bake it. I baked mine which is 16 months old for 16 hours. The actual recommended time is 24-48 hours if you want to be really safe. The point of baking is to remove moisture that might be in or around that chip that can explode if you heat past 100 degrees.
Next use alcohol to squirt under the nvidia GPU chip. Let it dry and squirt under there with solder flux. Place a light weight peice of metal on the GPU chip to weigh it down (I used a 10c coin),\. Next use a thermoeter and a hot air gun to heat the GPU chip to 190 degrees celcius. This is the reflow temperature of solder. At this temperature the little connections under neath the chip (the ball grid array) will go molten and reconnect. The idea is to heat it slowly till about 195, then thats it. Take the heat away and let it cool down and it will run.
MOST IMPORTANT TO ANYONE WHO FIXES THEIRS, EVEN IF HP FIX IT:The problem is caused by dust clogging in the heat sink assembly. Unfortuently you can only get to the dust by removing the fan, to remove the fan you must remove the heatsink. To remove the heat sink you have to re-apply thermal paste to the GPU and CPU, not to mention stripping your entire laptop down to access the motherboard. So if you don’t want yours to fail again, make sure to strip it down and take the fan off the heat sink and clean the dust out at least every 6 months. The laptop should NEVER get to hot to touch. If it is you almost certain have dust clogging the air flow. Inside the heat sink up against the copper cooling blades you will find they are clogged with dust. If you keep it free it of dust it never over heats.The GPU itself is not overheating and failing, this is probably why the PC happily runs and does not thermally shut down.
Whats happening is, because there is a gap filled with thermal paste, as the GPU gets hot, the solder is allowed to expand, as the heat sink is not locking it down. Instead the GPU moves upwards as the solder expands bh it and pushes the thermal gum away. Then when you turn it off, the gum sort of holds the GPU up against the heat sink, so the solder cools and has to pull the GPU chip back down. Eventually this causes the solder to fracture, as they are continually being pushed and pulled on. It doesnt happen on the CPU because the CPU is screwed directly onto the heat sink. Where as the GPU has that 2mm gap filled with blue heat gum.This is an obvious design error. The way they have a 2mm gap filled with gum is rediculous. Even if they fix it, it will happen again and again and again. Other message boards have had people who have taken there back 2 times or more now.
Fixing the dust will probably just prolong the time until it fails. I stronly recommend to remove the gum and use a 2mm plate of copper. Use thermal silver on each side. btw im electronics engineer and it still took me ages to figure out exactally what was wrong. You might have to grind down the copper to the right size. If it is too big, the heatsink my not clamp down on the CPU/GPU, if its to small it may slide out.
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2009 total eclipse of the Sun in china


The longest solar eclipse in the last hundred years pitched a swath of Asia into near darkness Wednesday as millions gathered to watch the phenomenon.this total eclipse of the Sun is an unforgettable sight and give a strongly mind shock to people.Total solar eclipse in 2009 because so long time (up to more than 6 minutes),because the moon arrived perigee before the start of solar eclipse.In such a close distance,The moon looks bigger by 8% than the sun.I make a joke with my boss.”today have 2 day and 1night,so you shall pay me 3 times the wages.”
let we enjoyed this solar eclipse follow these photos.
if you still not got 3 times wages,quickly go to your boss office.
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cool down your laptop fan and heatsink


Recently, our engineer found many laptop fans and heatsinks coverd with much dust when they repaired. This situation will make your computer more higher temperature. Thus affecting the status of its work. It is very important to cool down for your laptop, special in summer.so we teach you how to clear dust for your laptop fan and heatsink.
1. remove the cover plate of the power switch
2. remove the screws and the lines of keyboard, remover the laptop keyboard from the host( how to remove the keyboard please reference How to remove and repleace your laptop keyboard!)
3. remove the screws on the back of the laptop
4. remove the line of screen, remove the screen from the host
5. remove the bluetooth
6. remove the touch pad, firstly remove hard disk, you will see the screws, remove them. also remove the screws which fixed touch pad at the bottom of laptop.
7. remove the line of touch pad from laptop motherboard before you remove the touch padPlease note, you also need remove the line between BIOS battery and laptop motherboard.
8.remove the heatsink of CPU as the picture
9.remove wireless lan, modem,cpu,pccard,microphone,loudspeaker,motherboard as followed. you can remove laptop fan at last.
10. clear the dust for heatsink and laptop fan with brush.
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How to deal with minipci network card 1802 error


How to deal with minipci network card 1802 errorIBM ThinkPad laptop use an non-built-in wireless network card that not be Proven by IBM.(mean it is not original wireless network card ),this laptop probably show 1802 error.Don’t worry,I tech you how to deal with this problem.1.After the heavy start puts in the first compact disc the light to drive, then starts by the compact disc,and enter DOS(pure DOS,not pure-DOS in window XP environment) ,and run “networkcard1802″.after finishing this DOS run,please Power off of your laptop.(when you run this step,don’t instal wireless network card)2.open your laptop,and install wireless network card.(how to disassemble laptop)3.power on your laptop and install network card drive.now,the laptop shall not show 1802 error.
networkcard1802 download:Attention:if you install networkcard1802,do not upgrade bios,or the window XP was used for the initialization of system,otherwise please install networkcard1802 again.this computer program is not can from IBM office,if your laptop have any consequence.,I am not responsible,please serious consideration!
download address:networkcard1802 (0)
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HP NC6000 Laptop motherboard ciruit diagram


HP NC6000 Laptop motherboard ciruit diagramif you need this HP NC6000 Laptop motherboard ciruit diagram,please register,i just send Laptop motherboard ciruit diagram to active member in the bolg.don’t ask me sent the ciruit diagram to you.if you real need Laptop motherboard ciruit diagram ,please make some contributions for the blog.you can write a skilled article or talk some thing about laptop.thanks
download: HP NC6000 circuit diagram (6)
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HP NC6000 Laptop motherboard ciruit diagram


HP NC6000 Laptop motherboard ciruit diagramif you need this HP NC6000 Laptop motherboard ciruit diagram,please register,i just send Laptop motherboard ciruit diagram to active member in the bolg.don’t ask me sent the ciruit diagram to you.if you real need Laptop motherboard ciruit diagram ,please make some contributions for the blog.you can write a skilled article or talk some thing about laptop.thanks
download: HP NC6000 circuit diagram (6)
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how to test laptop lcd screen


when you buy a new laptop or buy a replacement laptop LCD screen panel,you must want choose no dead pixel (burned pixel),no light pixe Lcd screen panle.who like trouble?but if you have not specialized LCD test Software,you would read our article.It does not matter,I tell a good way to you,
Operating system has been installedClick the “Start” → “Run”,input”command”(Windows 9X/Me operating system) or “cmd” (Windows NT/2000/XP operating systems),at this time,the “Command Prompt” window be open.input”debug “and click”enter”key.the screen will show “?”,the laptop run debug application.pushing”Alt+Enter”,Maximized windows fill the entire screen for test laptop Lcd screen.
Operating system has not been installedReboot your laptop ,enter DOS,input “debug”and click”enter”key.the screen will show “?”,the laptop run debug application.
input command“F B800:00 F9F 20 70”Full-screen white,* P1 I2 o* ^0 j& ^0 T. V$ U& ~’ C“F B800:00 F9F 20 40”Full-screen red,! h. U0 V4 A” y: ” `” b6 _“F B800:00 F9F 20 20”Full-screen green,! `3 b4 M- ]1 p6 N. G“F B800:00 F9F 20 10”Full-screen blue.
add gridding
“F B800:00 F9F C5 07 C4 07”Full-screen white gridding, {8 c/ 8 C9 k! t” g“F B800:00 F9F C5 04 C4 04”Full-screen red gridding,, l: m& J( d’ Z0 G Q! d“F B800:00 F9F C5 02 C4 02”Full-screen green gridding,/ I0 N/ V- k- Q/ x ?+ M“F B800:00 F9F C5 01 C4 01”Full-screen blue gridding.the way is very convenient. we do not need install test software,but also we achieve the purpose of testing.. t: y, h9 W, X. Q2 T$ [; G$ u/ ]+ L9 `4 {7 J6 g( ?$ ~
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The HP NC4400 Laptop Drive for Window XP


The HP NC4400 Laptop Drive for Window XPthis Drive is not a official Drive.An HP engineer personal send to me.he summing up this drive for test.this Drive just support HP Original Window XP SP2 operating system,if you use other operating system,pls don’t download it.please must use Single-Threaded download,if this Drive can be load,please manually load in the Device Manager.please according to priority load the Drive.hp NC4400 chipset Driveftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp32501-33000/sp32555.exe
hp NC4400 sound card—uaa—ftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp32501-33000/sp32646.exe–sound card Driveftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp32501-33000/sp32593.exe
hp NC4400 Video Card Driveftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp33001-33500/sp33188.exe
hp NC4400 MODEM Driveftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp33501-34000/sp33914.exe
hp NC4400 shortcut key Driveftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp38001-38500/sp38171.exe
hp NC4400 TouchPad Drive–ftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp34001-34500/sp34473.exe
hp NC4400 wireless network card Drive – there are 2 version wireless network card Drive,if your laptop have a Centrino CPU,please download Intel wireless network card Drivebroadcom wireless network card Driveftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp34001-34500/sp34152.exeintel wireless network card Driveftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp34001-34500/sp34489.exe
hp NC4400 network card Driveftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp32501-33000/sp32632.exe
hp NC4400 card reader Driveftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp33001-33500/sp33439.exe
hp NC4400 Mobile data protection program Driveftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp31501-32000/sp31992.exe
hp NC4400 Bluetooth configuration program Driveftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp32501-33000/sp32598.exe
hp NC4400 fingerprint identification management program Drive–if you wand to use fingerprint identification,please first load this Driveftp://ftp.compaq.com/pub/softpaq/sp32501-33000/sp32946.exe
hp NC4400 fingerprint identification Driveftp://ftp.compaq.com/pub/softpaq/sp32501-33000/sp32654.exe
hp NC4400 AuthenTec Fingerprint Driver –if you still cann’t use fingerprint identification,you try this Drive.ftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp32501-33000/sp32609.exe
An Important Statement,I am not be responsible if your laptop load this drive and it break down.humm,if you cann’t find the drive you want as me,you can try contact HP engineer.
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MACFlash—Prefessional Modify network card mac address tool


MACFlash is a Prefessional Modify network card mac address tool by professional maintenance persons,and thereforeplease Undertake no more than you can perform.I have successfully modify intel OEM thinkpad 82566 series network card mac address.now, I explain how to use this Modify network card mac address tool.unzip this attach into your Bootable DOS USB Flash Drives.then use this USB Flash Drives boot your laptop,switch to correspond Drive letter.cd \MAC1 enter mac1 directory.input:EEUPDATE.EXE /NIC=1 /MAC=############## is you want to modify network card mac address.MACFlash (0)
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Dream laptop IBM ThinkPad W700


A colleague of my bought a new laptop , IBM ThinkPad W700.
I think it is a laptop not only in my dream. Let us share it now, what special of it?
Appearance looks nothing special, the same as other IBM laptop.
Open it, a 17′ screen and a writing panel you will see.
Side of the screen will give you surprises!
You will not feel its presence, when the side of screen closed.
We are look at the location of writing stylus.
The following are the parameters of its
Main Display: 17 inch, 1920 × 1200Vice-display: 10.75-inch, 768 × 1200 (5.5 × 9.25 inch)Processor: Core 2 Extreme QX9300 2.53GHzMemory: 4GBHard Disk: 460GBCard: Quadro FX 3700MProfessional digital drawing board: 5-inch Wacom DigitizerVideo Output Interface: VGA, DVI, DisplayPortOther interfaces and adapters: all-in-one card reader, Express64, FireWire 1394, USB 2.0 × 5, ModemOperating System: Windows Vista 64-bit
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The most common of frequency value of laptop chip


The most common of frequency value of laptop chiptoday,we introduce the most common of frequency value of laptop chip for reader.hope you will pay attention to our web blog-www.laptoppartwholesale.com32.768KHZ RTC I/O(EC)Crystal Oscillator (this XTL has direction)14.318MHZ clock IC/Video decoder chip24.576MHZ audio card/1394 Interface Chip8.00MHZ 10.00MHZ I/O(EC)25.00 network card27.00 video card
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Palmer in china is trying to activation crack Palm Pre


Today is the weekend, I have decided to write a article about personal preference. Even if the marketing strategy of Palm is disastrous in china,but there are a group of die-hard Palm fan. they buy palm pre at the first time from USA and try crak it for use it on china’CDMA.they discuss how activation crack palm pre in every large PDA or palm forums in china.Now,they successfully activate Palm Profile of pre and change local ESN、 IMSI、aKey、AAA.It is promising to use palm pre in china.With the help of operator,palm pre succesfull be used telephone function.but can use EVDO(upper wire).The issue of Chinese SMS was difficult,web os cann’t use the chinese language patch of palm os.but palm fans in china believe that more talents fan join and research it ,chinese language in pre will resolved.After all web os is a new operating system. they need time to familiarize themself with web os.it’s worth noting that i have hear dozens of pre has been locked and cann’t use in change IMSI of failure.Hail to the conquering heroes. “palm pre will use 3G EVDO will not a problem.”one technician of China Telecom told laptoppartwholesale.com.any crack is focused!Pre fan join and discuss pre in our bolg.ok,let me show my pre and iphone.

iphone and palm pre
take its source at www.laptoppartwholesale.com
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HP NC6000 laptop motherboard MAX1987 chip poor Soldering

HP NC6000 laptop motherboard MAX1987 chip poor Soldering

Laptop Troubleshooting -Initial Troubleshooting


I make this Laptop Troubleshooting subject for help beginner learn and Troubleshooting some laptop problem.you can follow our Flowchart to learn it.I will talk 4 Common trouble in laptop.
1.Is there power in your laptop?
2.Beeps,LEDs, or error messages in your laptop?
3.Is there video in your laptop?(no boot)
4.Is the OS loading in your laptop?
5.Is there sound in your laptop?
Through the flowchart, you will easyly to find the solution.

laptop Initial Troubleshooting
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Laptop Troubleshooting -Laptop No Power Solution(1)


Laptop Troubleshooting -Laptop No Power Solution(1)Laptop No power is a Common issue.we talk this Solution from the easier to the more advanced.it is helpful to Laptop user who need to know commonly solutions.if the error from laptop motherboard or chipset.please sent your laptop to maintenance staff.now,we talk How to deal with laptop power LED is off.

Laptop No Power
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Laptop Troubleshooting -Laptop No Power Solution(2)


Laptop Troubleshooting -Laptop No Power Solution(2)A typital laptop No power problem is caused by laptop battery or battery socket.Visually check for debris in battery socket and clean if necessary.if laptop socket is clean,Check battery by recharging it,moving it to another computer,or replacing it.

laptop No Power 2
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Laptop Troubleshooting -Laptop No Power Solution(3)


Laptop Troubleshooting -Laptop No Power Solution(3)if this laptop battery is sound,we continue discuss laptop problem is caused by Ac adapter.if this AC adapter cann’t work,Reseat AC adapterin computer and at power source.or check your Power outlet is active.if The problem is still not resolved.you can try Replacepower cord.

Laptop No Power 3
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Laptop Troubleshooting -Laptop No Power Solution(4)


Laptop Troubleshooting -Laptop No Power Solution(4)if you reach here,but it is No power problem Still not resolved,please check Loose or damaged parts?Reseat loose components and laptop motherboard and replacedamaged items.if the laptop still don’t work,Replace the following items (if applicable). Check computer operation after each replacement:1. Internal DC-DC converter*2. Internal AC adapter3. Processor board*4. System board(laptop motherboard)**NOTE: Replace these items as a set to prevent shorting out among components.

laptop No Power 4
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IBM ThinkPad T43 laptop motherboard fit into T40 case?


IBM ThinkPad T43 laptop motherboard fit into T40 case?Q:I have a dead T40,so I think that is a good idear it seems like a T43 swop,because it uses the i915 chipset so I can run 533FSB + DDR2 ram which is cheaper and uses less voltage,but only question is,will the T43 laptop motherboard fit into IBM ThinkPad T40 case?and the T40 laptop motherboard Will the 14″ LCD connector be compatible?Is there any difference in size between the 15″ lcd mobo and the 14″ lcd mobo?
Answer:14″ and 15″ laptop motherboard are of the same size.
but you must change the PCMCIA frame for the T43 laptop motherboard to fit in. You may also have to change the HD frame depending on whether that T43 laptop motherboardboard supports a FPR.
Also, if you have a 14″ SXGA+ LCD on that T40 (assuming from the GPU that you’ve mentioned), an Intel-based T43 laptop motherboard will NOT work with it.
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Find a free download Space?


Hi,my friend?Who knows where website Provide a free download Space?We need a free download space because we have lots of laptop repair notes or laptop motherboard circuit diagram they need upload a free space convenient reader download.if you know this space please tell me.thanks
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Repair and Remove IBM Thinkpad X22 lid hooks and hinges


So far,we have publish some guide,How to replace laptop keyboard,how to replace laptop LCD,How to replace laptop.How to replace laptop fan,how to replace laptop cover.Now,I talk an case,Repair and Remove IBM Thinkpad X22 lid hooks and hinges.our Customer have a IBM Thinkpad X22 laptop,but this laptop damaged one of the lid hooks.It is considered the lid hooks and the hinges as the most likely potential troubles of X2-series. Therefore I take some photos to share the Repair process.Attention,this guide should only be used to IBM Thinkpad X22 X23 X24 laptop.because this hooks are different between X20 with X21.ok,Enough of this talk, let’s get right down to business!
Repair and Remove the lid hook
You will need the following tools*screwdriver*knife

First, remove the screws cover on the front bezel with the knife and Remove all screws
Remove the cover on edges of the display bezel.
this picture show Remove this screws on edges of the display bezel.Tips: No need to remove the upper screws which fix the hooks now.


Remove the three screws from the front bezel.

Flex the insides edges of the display bezel with a knife until the bezel disengages from the display enclosure.

Slide the whole bezel until the bezel disengages from the display enclosure.
Now,We remove the two screws on the hinges.Now it is possible to separate the LCD panel from laptop
disengaged

Be Carefully Release the LCD cable.
In order to avoid scratching the LCD panel, you can put something upon the keyboard.

The first-phase preparations have been finished
Now remove the screws which fix the hooks.

Finally, install the new hook, then assemble the whole laptop.

Repair and Remove the Hinges
Remove the three screws which fix the laptop keyboard.
Push the keyboard from the palmrest side to the LCD side, then it is easy to remove.
Release the zero insertion force (ZIF) connector to which the Laptop keyboard cable is attached and disconnect the keyboard cable Release the ZIF connector to which the pointing stick cable is attached and disconnect the pointing stick cable .Remove the keyboard.
Insert a thin flat-bladed tool under the hinge cover of the switch cover and lift up until the switch cover disengages from the Laptop,Remove the switch cover.

Remove the four screws fixing hinges.Next action is pretty simple,removed this hinges
Install the new hinges, then assemble it.
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HOW TO CHOOSE LAPTOP BATTERY- realize from Parameter to Cell.


HOW TO CHOOSE LAPTOP BATTERY- realize from Parameter to Cell.
What is the biggest difference between laptop pc and desktop pc,I think it is “mobile ”.
This“ mobile ”computer depend on wireless network and laptop battery.
Therefore it is very important that how to choose laptop battery.
As a consumer, the simplest and directviewing method of choose laptop battery is see the quantity of cell.Mainstream laptops standard on 8 cell , 6 cell or 4cell lithium ion battery.the 4 cell battery usual be used in slimmest laptop.
The more the quantity of the cell, the more long it is Battery life.

laptop battery 6 cell
when choose laptop battery, some person pay more attention to the “mAh”. mAh is a unit of cell capacity. We can see the sign on Laptop battery says “6 cell 4400mAh” or “4 cell 2200mAh”, making it easy to believe that the Battery life depending on the cell capacity, but this is not the case.Now we need realize another parameter : watt hour.(Wh)relation between Wh with mAh.Wh÷V×1000=mAh

10.8V 5200MAH 56WH 6CELL battery
The important parameters of bettery are Voltage, watt-hour, mAh.
for example: the battery life is diffenrent when an 4800mAh lithium-ion batteries work at different voltage(10.8V, 11.1V)This difference stem from the change of watt hour.4800÷1000×10.8=51.84(Wh)
4800÷1000×11.1=53.28(Wh)4800mAh lithium-ion battery work at 11.1V have more advantages than work at 10.8v.
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laptop battery terms


Self-dischargeself-dicharge is a phenomenon in batteries in which internal chemical reactions reduce the stored charge of the battery without any connection between the electrodes. Self-discharge decreases the shelf-life of batteries and causes them to have less charge than expected when actually put to use.
Depth Of Discharge (DOD)Depth Of Discharge is an alternate method to indicate a battery’s State of charge (SOC). The DOD is the inverse of SOC: as one increases, the other decreases. While the SOC units are percent points (0% = empty; 100% = full), the units for DOD can be Ah (e.g.: 0 = full, 50 Ah = empty) or percent points (100% = empty; 0% = full). As a battery may actually have higher capacity that its nominal rating, it is possible for the DOD value to exceed the full value (e.g.: 52 Ah or 110%), something that is not possible when using SOC.
Memory effectalso known as lazy battery effect or battery memory, is an effect observed in nickel cadmium rechargeable batteries that causes them to hold less charge. It describes one very specific situation in which certain NiCd batteries gradually lose their maximum energy capacity if they are repeatedly recharged after being only partially discharged. The battery appears to “remember” the smaller capacity.
Trickle chargingTrickle charging also call float charging, means charging a battery at a similar rate as to its self-discharging, thus maintaining a full capacity battery. Most rechargeable batteries, particularly nickel-cadmium batteries or nickel metal hydride batteries, have a moderate rate of self-discharge, meaning they gradually lose their charge even if they are not used in a device. Care must be taken, however, that if a battery regulator is not employed, the charge rate is not greater than the level of self-discharge, or overcharging and possible damage or leakage may occur.
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